All grammar

In short

Subject pronouns: je (j' before a vowel or silent h), tu, il, elle, on, nous, vous, ils, elles. Use tu with friends, family and children, and vous with strangers, anyone you respect, and any group. Ils covers a group with even one man; on with a singular verb is the everyday "we".

Grammar

Subject pronouns and tu vs vous

French has nine subject pronouns: je (I), tu (you, singular), il (he), elle (she), on (we, or one), nous (we), vous (you), ils (they, masculine or mixed) and elles (they, all female). Je becomes j' before a vowel or silent h: j'habite.

French has two words for 'you'. Use tu with friends, family, children and people your own age in a relaxed setting. Use vous with strangers, older people, anyone you want to show respect to, and whenever you talk to more than one person. When in doubt, use vous. Switching to tu is something the other person usually suggests.

The common mistake for English speakers is to use one 'you' for everyone. Also, ils is used for a group with even one man in it, and on is very common in everyday speech for 'we'.

jeI
tuyou (informal, one person)
ilhe
elleshe
onwe / one
nouswe
vousyou (formal, or several people)
ilsthey (masc. or mixed)
ellesthey (feminine)

Tu vas bien ?

Are you well? (to a friend)

Vous allez bien, madame ?

Are you well, madam?

Il va bien.

He is well.

Elles vont bien.

They (the women) are well.

Nous allons bien.

We are well.

Traps to avoid

  • Salut, madame, comment vas-tu ?

    Bonjour, madame, comment allez-vous ?

    English has one "you", so learners use tu with everyone. A stranger or anyone called madame or monsieur gets vous and the polite bonjour. When in doubt, use vous.

  • Je habite à Lyon.

    J'habite à Lyon.

    Je loses its e before a vowel or silent h. Written French doesn't allow je habite, so check the first letter of the verb.

  • Marc et Léa, elles habitent à Nice.

    Marc et Léa, ils habitent à Nice.

    Elles is only for an all-female group. One man in the group, even with ten women, makes it ils.

Drill it

From the lesson Saying hello and goodbye. Type each answer, no multiple choice. 20 drills on this rule.

vais bien, merci.

I am fine, thanks.

allez bien, madame ?

Are you well, madam?

Salut Paul, vas bien ?

Hi Paul, are you well?

Marc va bien. va bien.

Marc is well. He is well.

Léa et Sara vont bien. vont bien.

Léa and Sara are well. They are well.

Mon ami et moi allons bien. allons bien.

My friend and I are well. We are well.