All grammar

In short

Reflexive verbs keep a pronoun before the verb: je me, tu te, il/elle se, nous nous, vous vous, ils/elles se, shortened to m', t', s' before a vowel. The verb takes normal -er endings. Se lever adds an accent where the ending is silent: je me lève, but nous nous levons. Without the pronoun, the action is on someone or something else.

Grammar

Reflexive verbs in the present

A reflexive verb has a small pronoun in front of it that points back to the subject: me, te, se, nous, vous, se. They are very common for daily routine: se réveiller, se lever, se laver, s'habiller, se coucher. Je me lève is literally 'I raise myself', and means 'I get up'.

The pronoun matches the subject: je me, tu te, il/elle se, nous nous, vous vous, ils/elles se. Before a vowel or a silent h it becomes m', t', s': je m'habille, elle s'habille. The rest of the verb follows normal -er endings. Note that se lever adds an accent in the singular and in the ils form: je me lève, tu te lèves, nous nous levons.

English uses plain verbs for these ideas ('I get up', 'I wash'), so it is easy to forget the pronoun. Say je me lève, never je lève (which would mean 'I lift something'). The same verb without se does something to another person or object: Je lave la voiture.

jeme lève
tute lèves
il / ellese lève
nousnous levons
vousvous levez
ils / ellesse lèvent

Je me lève à sept heures.

I get up at seven.

Tu te couches tard ?

Do you go to bed late?

Elle s'habille vite.

She gets dressed quickly.

Nous nous dépêchons.

We are hurrying.

Ils se réveillent tôt.

They wake up early.

Traps to avoid

  • Je lève à sept heures.

    Je me lève à sept heures.

    English "I get up" has no "myself", but French needs the pronoun. Without it, je lève means you're lifting something.

  • Elle se habille vite.

    Elle s'habille vite.

    Se drops its e before a vowel or silent h, as je does: m'habille, t'habilles, s'habille.

  • Nous nous lèvons tôt.

    Nous nous levons tôt.

    The accent is only for the silent endings (lève, lèves, lèvent). With nous and vous the ending is heard, and there's no accent.

Drill it

From the lesson My day. Type each answer, no multiple choice. 20 drills on this rule.

Je lève à sept heures.

I get up at seven.

Tu couches à quelle heure ?

What time do you go to bed?

Elle réveille à six heures.

She wakes up at six.

Nous couchons tard le samedi.

We go to bed late on Saturdays.

Vous dépêchez ?

Are you hurrying?

Je m' vite le matin.

I get dressed quickly in the morning.